Theologians met in Brussels to discuss “The Future of the Church.” When Schillebeeckx and his colleagues offered 28 rough-draft resolutions for the congress to consider, the lid came off.

Not since the Reformation has Roman Catholic theology been such a popular topic as in the years following the Second Vatican Council. New opinions by theologians on such diverse subjects as sexual morality, original sin, papal infallibility and even the nature of the Mass and sacraments have provoked applause, shock…